List of banking crises

This is a list of banking crises. A banking crisis is a financial crisis that affects banking activity. Banking crises include bank runs, which affect single banks; banking panics, which affect many banks; and systemic banking crises, in which a country experiences a large number of defaults and financial institutions and corporations face great difficulties repaying contracts.^[1] A banking crisis is marked by bank runs that lead to the demise of financial institutions, or by the demise of a financial institution that starts a string of similar demises.^[2]

Contents 1 Bank runs 2 Banking panics and systemic banking crises 2.1 18th century 2.2 19th century 2.3 20th century 2.4 21st century 3 See also 4 References

Bank runs

A bank run occurs when a large number of bank customers withdraw their deposits because they believe the bank might fail. There have been many runs on individual banks throughout history; for example, some of the 2008–2009 bank failures in the United States were associated with bank runs.

Banking panics and systemic banking crises

18th century

• Crisis of 1763, started in Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of Leendert Pieter de Neufville, spread to Germany and Scandinavia
• Crisis of 1772–1773 in London and Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of the bankers Neal, James, Fordyce and Down.
• Panic of 1792
• Panic of 1796–1797

19th century

• Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.'s first boom-to-bust economic cycle
• Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England
• Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year depression
• Panic of 1847
• Panic of 1857, a U.S. recession with bank failures
• Panic of 1866
• Panic of 1873, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 4-year depression
• Panic of 1884
• Panic of 1890
• Panic of 1893, a U.S. recession with bank failures
• Australian banking crisis of 1893

20th century

• Panic of 1907, a U.S. economic recession with bank failures
• Great Depression, the worst systemic banking crisis of the 20th century
• Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975 in the UK
• Japanese asset price bubble (1986–2003)
• Savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s in the U.S.
• Finnish banking crisis of 1990s
• Swedish banking crisis (1990s)
• Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
• 1997 Asian financial crisis
• 1998 collapse of Long-Term Capital Management
• 1998 Russian financial crisis
• Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002)
• 1998–99 Ecuador banking crisis

21st century

• 2002 Uruguay banking crisis
• Late-2000s financial crisis, including:

• Subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S. starting in 2007
• 2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package
• 2009 United Kingdom bank rescue package
• 2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis
• 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
• 2008–2009 Russian financial crisis
• 2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
• 2008–2011 Spanish financial crisis
• 2008–2011 Irish banking crisis

See also

• List of economic crises
• List of bank runs

References